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Throughout this period, the whole Malaysia recorded normal solar radiation. In Figure 5 shown below, most places in Malaysia recorded solar radiation ranging from 15 to 19 MJm-2 per day. The highest solar radiation of between 19 to 22.5 MJm-2 per day was recorded over Kedah, Langkawi Island, Penang, Perlis, northwest Perak and Malacca. However, northeast Kelantan, a few part in Pahang and western Sarawak had lower values of solar radiation ranging from 13 to 15 MJm-2 per day.
Most of the lowland areas in Malaysia recorded above normal to much above normal temperatures. Daily mean temperatures were between 25.4 and 28.7ºC. The highest temperature recorded during this period was 37.3ºC being reported at Bertam, Penang. On the other hand, the lowest temperature of 20.1ºC was recorded at Pontian, Johore and Tanah Merah, Kelantan. The mean daily temperature recorded at Cameron Highlands was 17.7ºC with the highest and lowest values of 23.6ºC and 13.7ºC respectively. The average temperature for this area was above normal for this period.
Fig. 6 : Deviation from normal of mean temperature (°C) at 29 Principal Meteorological Stations in Malaysia
The Soil Moisture Distribution Map in Figure 7 shown the daily
distribution of soil moisture over the Peninsular Malaysia on 10 January
2004. Generally, the whole Peninsula experienced very wet condition
during the day with soil moisture content of the day was more than 50% per
day.
IMPACT There was no significant impact of weather on crops was reported. OUTLOOK FOR 21ST. – 31ST. JAN. 2004 In the morning In the morning, scattered rain is expected over western Sarawak. Elsewhere, the weather is expected to be fair.
IN THE AFTERNOON In the afternoon and evening, isolated rain and thunderstorms are expected over central and southern parts of the Peninsula. Elsewhere of the Peninsula the weather is expected to be fair. However, isolated showers are expected to occur over all divisions of Sabah, whereas, scattered rain and thunderstorms are expected to occur over all divisions in Sarawak in the afternoon and evening.
Figure 7 : Rainfall (mm) for the Period 11th. – 20th. Jan. 2004 Based on
Long-term Climatological Records
* SOIL MOISTURE The soil moisture shown in the map in Figure 7 are indicative values of the amounts of water in the top 1m depth of a horizontal soil. They are estimated daily by the water budgeting/balance method. Daily rainfall amounts are used as inputs to the soil water content. The daily evapotranspiration rates are estimated by using the modified Penman-Monteith formula which needs as inputs daily mean values of temperature, humidity, solar radiation and wind speed. These meteorological variables together with rainfall are those measured at principal meteorological stations of the Malaysian Meteorological Service (MMS) located throughout the country. A few stations that are manned by non-MMS staff are also included to improve the spatial coverage. At the non-MMS staffed stations, solar radiation is usually not measured and sunshine duration is used to estimate the value of solar radiation by applying the Angstrom Equation. The ArcView software is employed to perform spatial analysis. The
holding capacity of the soil is assumed to be 30 cm out of the 1 m depth
of soil. The field capacity and wilting point are assumed to have the
values 0.3 and 0.1 respectively. For interpreting these maps, please refer
to the following table:
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